NPB umpires undergo rigorous selection and years of development before taking the field, yet their training system remains largely unknown. This article details the path from recruitment to first-team promotion, judgment training methods, and the impact of technology.
When Sadaharu Oh or Shigeo Nagashima stepped into the batter's box, umpires allegedly tightened the strike zone, calling borderline pitches as balls. Pitchers of the era, notably Yutaka Enatsu, testified to this phenomenon known as the Oh Ball and Nagashima Ball, symbolizing the issue of umpire bias toward star players in NPB.
Manager ejections occur 10-20 times annually in NPB. From Hoshino's 'fighting general' style to tactical ejections, this examines the reality and significance of managerial confrontations with umpires.
An ejection in NPB is one of baseball's most dramatic moments. Thrown caps, kicked dirt, uprooted bases. The history of ejections reveals NPB's fiery temperament and produces statistics that few fans ever see.
Allegations of umpire bribery in NPB history, from the 1960s Black Mist scandal to modern officiating controversies, and the institutional reforms that followed.
Explaining how NPB umpires are evaluated and improve their skills through technology and institutional frameworks.
Even a single strike call varies between umpires. This article introduces the meaning of NPB umpire gestures, their historical evolution, and famous umpires known for distinctive calls.
投手犯规 (Balk) 是棒球中最难理解的规则。公认棒球规则列出了 13 项犯规条件，但裁判之间的解释各不相同，甚至球员也难以准确说明。为什么投手犯规如此模糊？
In English, 'strike' means 'to hit.' Yet in baseball, a pitch the batter doesn't swing at can also be called a strike. Why does a word meaning 'hit' describe a pitch that wasn't hit? The paradox traces to the umpire's evolving role in early baseball.
An in-depth analysis of the introduction of replay review - the coexistence of technology and umpires, exploring umpire error issues before video review and ..
尽管没有正式的性别限制，NPB 至今没有一位女性裁判。MLB 在 2021 年迎来了首位女性小联盟裁判，但日本棒球界的壁垒依然存在。本文从制度和文化两方面进行分析。
Reviews robot umpire trials conducted in NPB minor-league and Phoenix League games, analyzing call accuracy based on TrackMan data along with player and umpire reactions.
An analysis of verbal abuse and intimidation directed at umpires in NPB, examining ejection statistics, notable incidents, and the evolution of official protection measures.