Examining the introduction and implementation of concussion protocols in NPB from the 2017 special measures to the present, analyzing the significance and challenges of system reforms with specific cases and international comparisons.
Concussion risks in baseball from hit-by-pitches, collisions, and fence impacts, and NPB's evolving concussion protocols to protect player safety.
Traces the evolution of NPB stadium security, covering foul ball accident prevention, bag checks, facial recognition trials, and spectator incident response.
NPB now mandates double-eared batting helmets, but reaching this standard required tragic beanball incidents and years of debate. From the helmet-less founding era of 1937, through optional helmet use postwar, single-eared helmet adoption, and finally double-eared helmet mandates, batter protection evolved in stages. We trace 40 years of NPB helmet history through the lens of accidents and rule changes.